FABRIC PHYSICAL TESTING

The quality & performance of the fabric evaluate through the physical testing. Characteristics of the fabric is created by the end use of the garments. therefor the fabric manufactures maintain the quality standers & required level of fabric characteristic through the test. It is an important part of the fabric manufacturing process to maintain same quality in long term.

 By the testing, the manufacture can develop the fabric new qualities ad a development of fabric, furthermore, Manufacture can easily to build up business relationship with customers & increase the trust wreathy productivity. 

when some manufacture tests the fabric test, they should follow the worldwide recognize methods to test the quality para meters of the fabric.

Standard Testing Organizations

• ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
• ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
• AATCC (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists)                                       Each provides standardized procedures to ensure repeatable and reliable results across the textile industry.

FABRIC PHYSICAL TESTS 

I explain basic physical tests from this blog. when test the special requited fabric characters due to special end uses, have specialty tests related the end uses of fabrics.

Tensile strength Test

Measure the maximum withstand force before breaking

Request test for work wears, upholstery and sportswear for identify the durability of fabrics.

ISO Standard: ISO 13934-1 (Strip method) / ISO 13934-2 (Grab method) Textiles — Tensile properties of fabrics

Tear Strength Test

Measure the maximum withstand force when tear the fabric after the initial cut.

Request test for work wears, upholstery and sportswear for identify the durability of fabrics.

ISO Standard: ISO 13937-1 to 4 Textiles — Tear properties of fabrics

Bursting Strength Test

Use only knitted fabrics or non-woven fabrics.

Hydraulic or pneumatic pressure is applied until the fabric bursts.

Evaluates overall fabric integrity in multidirectional stress & request for high elasticity fabrics.

ISO Standard: ISO 13938-1 (Hydraulic method) / ISO 13938-2 (Pneumatic method) Textiles — Bursting properties of fabrics

Abrasion Resistance Test

Measure the surface abrasion resist until one thread damage in the sample.

use Martindale or Wyzenbeek tester.

Request for upholstery, uniforms, work wears and jeans.

ISO Standard: ISO 12947-1 to 4 Textiles — Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method

Pilling Resistance Test 

The fabric’s tendency to form small fiber balls on the surface.

Measure the surface appearance after number of required rubs of the sample.

Critical for appearance and user satisfaction in garments and bedding.

ISO Standard: ISO 12945-2 Textiles — Determination of fabric propensity to surface pilling, fuzzing or matting — Part 2: Modified Martindale method

Dimensional Stability Test

Changes in size after washing or use. 

Laundering or steaming followed by measurement comparison.

Apparel and home textiles to ensure fit and form.

ISO Standard: ISO 5077 Textiles — Determination of dimensional change in washing and drying

Air Permeability

Measures how easily air passes through the fabric.

Breathability in sportswear, medical fabrics, and outdoor gear.

ISO Standard: ISO 9237 Textiles — Determination of the permeability of fabrics to air

Fabric Weight (GSM)

Measures the mass per unit area of fabric.

Affects drape, opacity, insulation, and feel.

ISO Standard: ISO 3801 Textiles — Woven fabrics — Determination of mass per unit length and mass per unit area